Who carries the obligation?
The packaging manufacturer is not automatically the EPR Producer. Establishment, placing on the market, customer type and transaction route matter.
EU Packaging EPR by Country
One EU framework. Twenty-seven national compliance routes.
PPWR creates a common European packaging framework, but practical EPR compliance still has to be operated country by country. Producer status, authorised representation, registration, EPR systems, regulatory payments, reporting calendars and evidence can differ substantially by destination market.
27 EU Member StatesPPWR general application · 12 Aug 2026Country-specific EPR operationsDirect primary sources27 researched country guides
Direct answer
There is no single EU packaging EPR account that replaces each Member State’s national operating relationship.
Start with the destination country. Determine the Producer, whether an EPR Authorised Representative is required, where registration sits, which EPR system applies, what regulatory money must be funded and when declarations and payments are due.
Start with three rules
Do not begin with forms. Begin with the transaction.
In which Member States?
Every destination country has to be reviewed separately. Direct sales, importers, resellers, marketplaces and professional end users can create different routes.
What must happen there?
Registration is only one step. A country can also require representation, EPR-system participation, recurring reporting, regulatory payments and retained evidence.
What changes by country?
The legal framework is European. The operating details remain national.
These are the questions every country page resolves before the market-entry route can be treated as operationally ready.
Producer status
Which entity carries the packaging EPR obligation for this transaction?
EPR representation
Is a destination-country representative mandatory, and what obligations does that representative operate?
Registration
Which register, portal or authority records the Producer and its compliance relationship?
EPR system / PRO
Which collective system, recovery organisation, PRO or other structure applies?
Operator selection
If multiple approved systems exist, how should legal suitability, tariffs and operational fit be compared?
Regulatory money
Which payments are operator contributions, statutory fees, levies, taxes or deposits?
Reporting calendar
Who receives each declaration, how often is it filed and when are payments due?
Evidence
Which registrations, contracts, reports, invoices and payment proofs must remain in the compliance file?
Four examples. Four operating patterns.
A live national system can still contain a changing PPWR sub-layer.
Use the examples to understand why a single “ready / transitional” label is too crude for EU packaging EPR.
EU27
A live national system can still contain a changing PPWR sub-layer.
AustriaOpen full country guide →
EDM / ZAReg + AR + approved system
Current national operating route.
GermanyOpen full country guide →
LUCID + dual system
Current register and system obligations remain distinct.
RPP + SCRAP / individual route
RPP already functions as the national packaging Producer Register.
NetherlandsOpen full country guide →
Verpact + Article 44 layer
Current Verpact route and evolving Article 44 layer are kept separate.
27 Member States
Choose the country. Stay inside the country guide.
Each country page is the regulatory operating home for that market: Producer analysis, EPR AR, registration, systems, mandatory payments, reporting, responsibilities, evidence and direct primary sources.
27 / 27 country research files reviewed.Every card below describes the current national operating route. Secondary labels identify only a specific register, stream or implementation point where relevant — never a blanket country-level “transition” status.
27 / 27
ATCurrent route mapped
Austria
EDM / ZAReg → ARA / Sammel- und Verwertungssysteme
Current routeAustria uses a foreign-distance-seller representative route, EDM / ZAReg registration and participation in an approved packaging collection and recovery system.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityEDM / ZAReg
System / operatorsARA / Sammel- und Verwertungssysteme
Key entities: ARA · EDM · ZAReg · SUP
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
BECurrent route mapped
Belgium
EPRiBEL → Fost Plus / Valipac
Register layer evolvingBelgium keeps one interregional packaging-EPR framework: household packaging runs through Fost Plus, commercial and industrial packaging through Valipac, while the EPRiBEL / Article 44 register layer evolves separately.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityEPRiBEL
System / operatorsFost Plus / Valipac
Key entities: EPRiBEL · Fost Plus · Valipac
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
BGCurrent route mapped
Bulgaria
EEA (ИАОС) / NISO (НИСО) → ECOPACK / организации по оползотворяване
Register layer evolvingBulgaria has a live packaging-EPR route through licensed recovery organisations, with a statutory product-fee fallback when collective compliance is not used or its conditions are not met.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityEEA (ИАОС) / NISO (НИСО)
System / operatorsECOPACK / организации по оползотворяване
Key entities: EEA · NISO · ECOPACK · PUDOOS
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
HRCurrent route mapped
Croatia
RPPO / FZOEU → FZOEU
Current routeCroatia operates through the RPPO producer register and FZOEU, with digital registration, reporting, regulatory payments and a separate deposit-return layer where applicable.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityRPPO / FZOEU
System / operatorsFZOEU
Key entities: RPPO · FZOEU · DRS
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
CYCurrent route mapped
Republic of Cyprus
Department of Environment / PPWR Article 44 → Green Dot Cyprus
Register layer evolvingCyprus has a current national packaging-EPR route through the Department of Environment and applicable collective schemes such as Green Dot Cyprus; final PPWR Article 44 mechanics remain a separate register-layer issue.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityDepartment of Environment / PPWR Article 44
System / operatorsGreen Dot Cyprus
Key entities: Department of Environment · Green Dot Cyprus · Article 44
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
CZCurrent route mapped
Czechia
MŽP / Seznam osob → EKO-KOM / AOS
Register layer evolvingCzechia continues under its Packaging Act framework with EKO-KOM as the central authorised packaging system for most producers using collective compliance; Article 44 mapping is tracked separately.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityMŽP / Seznam osob
System / operatorsEKO-KOM / AOS
Key entities: MŽP · Seznam osob · EKO-KOM · AOS
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
DKCurrent route mapped
Denmark
DPA / Miljøstyrelsen → kollektive ordninger
Current routeDenmark uses the DPA National Producer Register with collective-scheme participation and current packaging reporting; deposit and packaging-tax layers remain separate where applicable.
EPR ARDepends on establishment / transaction route
Register / authorityDPA / Miljøstyrelsen
System / operatorskollektive ordninger
Key entities: DPA · Miljøstyrelsen · Dansk Retursystem · emballageafgift
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
EECurrent route mapped
Estonia
PAKIS → ETO / TVO / Eesti Pakendiringlus
Current routeEstonia uses PAKIS with either producer-responsibility-organisation participation or direct reporting; the relevant foreign-company route includes an Estonia-established representative.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityPAKIS
System / operatorsETO / TVO / Eesti Pakendiringlus
Key entities: PAKIS · ETO · TVO · Eesti Pakendiringlus · Eesti Pandipakend
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
FICurrent route mapped
Finland
Pirkanmaan ELY-keskus / RINKI → SPT / Sumi
Special implementation noteFinland operates through producer-responsibility organisations and RINKI. The PPWR Producer definition applies from 12 August 2026 while the existing producer-organisation and reporting infrastructure continues to operate.
EPR ARDepends on establishment / transaction route
Register / authorityPirkanmaan ELY-keskus / RINKI
System / operatorsSPT / Sumi
Key entities: RINKI · SPT · Sumi · PALPA
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
FRCurrent route mapped
France
SYDEREP / IDU → Citeo / Adelphe / Léko
Stream-specific transitionFrance operates through IDU / SYDEREP and stream-specific approved eco-organisations; the professional-packaging EPR stream has its own 1 January 2027 transition and does not make the entire French system transitional.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authoritySYDEREP / IDU
System / operatorsCiteo / Adelphe / Léko
Key entities: Mandataire · SYDEREP · IDU · Citeo · Adelphe · Léko · EPRO
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
DECurrent route mapped
Germany
LUCID / ZSVR → duale Systeme
Current routeGermany remains operational through the LUCID Packaging Register and dual-system participation where applicable; registration and system participation are separate obligations.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityLUCID / ZSVR
System / operatorsduale Systeme
Key entities: LUCID · ZSVR · duale Systeme · SUP · DPG
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
GRCurrent route mapped
Greece
EOAN / EMPA → HERRCO / εγκεκριμένα ΣΣΕΔ
Special implementation noteGreece operates through the National Producer Register EMPA and approved packaging systems; PPWR-specific representation and register adaptations are assessed as separate items, not as a country-wide shutdown or transition.
EPR ARDepends on establishment / transaction route
Register / authorityEOAN / EMPA
System / operatorsHERRCO / εγκεκριμένα ΣΣΕΔ
Key entities: EOAN · EMPA · HERRCO · SED · SSED
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
HUCurrent route mapped
Hungary
OKIR / MOHU Partner Portal → MOHU
Current routeHungary separates authority registration and reporting from the MOHU concession relationship; quarterly KF-code reporting feeds the current contribution and invoicing workflow.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityOKIR / MOHU Partner Portal
System / operatorsMOHU
Key entities: MOHU · OKIR · KÜJ · KF · REpont
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
IECurrent route mapped
Ireland
PPWR Article 44 / national route → Repak
Register layer evolvingIreland has an operational packaging-EPR route centred on the current national framework and Repak; the PPWR Article 44 producer-register layer is tracked separately from the live system.
EPR ARDepends on establishment / transaction route
Register / authorityPPWR Article 44 / national route
System / operatorsRepak
Key entities: Repak · Re-turn · Revenue · Article 44
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
ITCurrent route mapped
Italy
CONAI / RENAP → CONAI / consorzi di filiera
Register layer evolvingItaly remains operational through CONAI and material consortia; RENAP / PPWR producer-register adaptation is a separate evolving layer rather than a replacement for the current CONAI route.
EPR ARDepends on establishment / transaction route
Register / authorityCONAI / RENAP
System / operatorsCONAI / consorzi di filiera
Key entities: CONAI · RENAP · CAC
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
LVCurrent route mapped
Latvia
RAS / DRN → RAS / DIO
Special implementation noteLatvia operates through producer-responsibility systems or the Natural Resources Tax route. No separate PPWR packaging producer number is currently issued, so the guide does not invent one.
EPR ARDepends on establishment / transaction route
Register / authorityRAS / DRN
System / operatorsRAS / DIO
Key entities: RAS · DRN · DIO
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
LTCurrent route mapped
Lithuania
GPAIS / GII → Žaliasis taškas / Gamtos Ateitis
Current routeLithuania uses GPAIS / GII for producer-importer registration and packaging accounting, with licensed producer/importer organisations available for collective compliance.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityGPAIS / GII
System / operatorsŽaliasis taškas / Gamtos Ateitis
Key entities: GPAIS · GII · Žaliasis taškas · Gamtos Ateitis
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
LUCurrent route mapped
Luxembourg
AEV / Valbase → Valorlux
Current routeLuxembourg operates through AEV registration and approved-organisation participation, including Valorlux where applicable, with annual reporting under the selected route.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityAEV / Valbase
System / operatorsValorlux
Key entities: AEV · Valbase · Valorlux · responsable d’emballages
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
MTCurrent route mapped
Malta
ERA / WMP → GreenPak / GreenMT
Current routeMalta operates through the ERA / WMP packaging producer register and authorised schemes such as GreenPak or GreenMT, with a written-mandate representative route for relevant foreign distance sellers.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityERA / WMP
System / operatorsGreenPak / GreenMT
Key entities: ERA · WMP · GreenPak · GreenMT · BCRS
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
NLCurrent route mapped
Netherlands
Verpact / PPWR Article 44 → Verpact / Statiegeld Nederland
Register layer evolvingThe Netherlands operates through Verpact for packaging declarations and contributions. The binding PPWR representative rule, Verpact onboarding practice and the future Article 44 register layer must be kept distinct.
EPR ARDepends on establishment / transaction route
Register / authorityVerpact / PPWR Article 44
System / operatorsVerpact / Statiegeld Nederland
Key entities: Verpact · Statiegeld Nederland · Article 44 · 50,000 kg
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-29
PLCurrent route mapped
Poland
BDO → organizacja odzysku / opłata produktowa
Register layer evolvingPoland remains operational through BDO registration and reporting together with a recovery-organisation or own-compliance route as applicable; PPWR register reform does not suspend BDO.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityBDO
System / operatorsorganizacja odzysku / opłata produktowa
Key entities: BDO · organizacja odzysku · opłata produktowa · deposit system
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-29
PTCurrent route mapped
Portugal
SILiAmb / SIRER → SPV / Novo Verde / Electrão
Current routePortugal operates through SILiAmb / SIRER registration and licensed SIGRE management entities; relevant foreign distance sellers use a Portugal-established authorised representative by written mandate.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authoritySILiAmb / SIRER
System / operatorsSPV / Novo Verde / Electrão
Key entities: SILiAmb · SIRER · SIGRE · SPV · Novo Verde · Electrão · volta
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-29
ROCurrent route mapped
Romania
AFM → OIREP / RetuRO SGR
Current routeRomania operates through AFM declarations and payments, with OIREP organisations used for outsourced packaging compliance and RetuRO handling the separate deposit-return layer.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityAFM
System / operatorsOIREP / RetuRO SGR
Key entities: AFM · OIREP · RetuRO · SGR
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-28
SKCurrent route mapped
Slovakia
ISOH → OZV / ENVI-PAK
Current routeSlovakia uses ISOH producer registration and authorised producer-responsibility organisations (OZV) for packaging compliance, with statutory reporting under the current national route.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityISOH
System / operatorsOZV / ENVI-PAK
Key entities: ISOH · OZV · ENVI-PAK · Správca zálohového systému
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-29
SICurrent route mapped
Slovenia
ARSO / Evidenca proizvajalcev – Embalaža → DROE / FURS
Current routeSlovenia operates through the ARSO packaging producer record and packaging-waste management schemes; the national foreign-company route requires a Slovenia-established authorised representative.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityARSO / Evidenca proizvajalcev – Embalaža
System / operatorsDROE / FURS
Key entities: ARSO · DROE · FURS · Evidenca proizvajalcev – Embalaža
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-29
ESCurrent route mapped
Spain
RPP / MITECO → SCRAP / Ecoembes / Ecovidrio
Current routeSpain operates through the packaging section of the RPP and a SCRAP or individual EPR route. The RPP is already Spain’s national packaging Producer Register for the Article 44 framework.
EPR ARRequired for the relevant foreign Producer route
Register / authorityRPP / MITECO
System / operatorsSCRAP / Ecoembes / Ecovidrio
Key entities: RPP · MITECO · SCRAP · Ecoembes · Ecovidrio · plastic packaging tax
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-08-29
SECurrent route mapped
Sweden
Naturvårdsverket Producer Register → NPA / TMR
Register layer evolvingSweden operates through the Naturvårdsverket producer-responsibility register and approved PROs, with annual producer reporting; the future PPWR registration-number layer is kept separate from the live national route.
EPR ARDepends on establishment / transaction route
Register / authorityNaturvårdsverket Producer Register
System / operatorsNPA / TMR
Key entities: Naturvårdsverket · NPA · TMR · Pantamera · Returpack
Open full country guide →Reviewed 2026-09-07
The country-page standard
One information architecture across all 27 Member States.
The law and institutions change; the questions do not. Every country operating page is built to answer the same sequence.
01What is the practical market-entry route?
02What do the national terms mean?
03Who carries the Producer obligation?
04Is an EPR Authorised Representative required?
05What responsibility does the AR operate?
06Which registration infrastructure applies?
07Which EPR systems / PROs / operators exist?
08How is the operator selected?
09What regulatory charges, levies, taxes or deposits apply?
10Who receives each euro?
11How is regulatory prefunding calculated?
12What are the reporting and payment deadlines?
13Who does what after activation?
14Which primary source proves each conclusion?
Direct answers to common EU27 questions
Questions search engines, sellers and AI agents ask first.
Is packaging EPR the same in every EU country?
No. PPWR provides a common EU framework, but Producer identification, national registration, authorised representation, PRO or system participation, fees, reporting and evidence still have to be mapped Member State by Member State.
Does one EU EPR registration cover all 27 Member States?
No. There is no single operational EU packaging-EPR account that replaces the relevant national registrations, systems and reporting relationships.
Do foreign sellers need an EPR Authorised Representative in every EU country?
Not under one universal yes/no rule. Several Member States already require a local representative for defined foreign-producer routes, while other routes depend on establishment and the actual transaction. Check the destination-country guide.
What is the difference between a register and a PRO?
A register or authority records the Producer and regulatory relationship. A PRO, collective system or recovery organisation performs defined waste-management obligations under a separate membership or contract. Registration and system participation must not be collapsed into one step.
Does PPWR replace LUCID, BDO, RPP, GPAIS or other national systems on 12 August 2026?
No. Existing national infrastructure can continue while PPWR layers are implemented or adapted. Each country guide separates the live national route from any evolving Article 44 or stream-specific layer.
Where can I find the official source for a country conclusion?
Inside the relevant country guide. Material conclusions point to the legislation, competent authority, public register, approved-system source or operator tariff behind the answer.
How should I compare EPR fees between countries?
Keep operator contributions, statutory fees, taxes, levies, deposits and service fees separate. The payee, payer, basis, threshold, VAT treatment and due date can differ by country and by packaging stream.
What should a marketplace seller keep as EPR evidence?
Keep the country-specific registration or identifier, representative mandate where applicable, system membership, declarations, invoices, payment proof and any marketplace-facing evidence required for that sales channel.
Primary sources belong inside the country
One country page. No regulatory detours.
Country-specific conclusions link directly to the competent authority, legislation, register, approved operator or tariff document behind the answer.
Binding EU / national legal proposition→ LAW
Producer / AR / registration procedure→ AUTHORITY
Public producer or environmental register→ REGISTER
Approved system / PRO status→ COMPETENT AUTHORITY
Commercial system contribution→ OPERATOR TARIFF
Statutory fee, surcharge, levy or fallback→ LEGAL / AUTHORITY SOURCE
Markdown: https://beyogluprofessional.com/countries/index.md · llms.txt: https://beyogluprofessional.com/llms.txt
Not sure which country rules belong to your business?
Select your establishment, sales route and EU markets. The assessment converts them into a country-by-country compliance work plan.